深度学习（DL）系统的安全性是一个极为重要的研究领域，因为它们正在部署在多个应用程序中，因为它们不断改善，以解决具有挑战性的任务。尽管有压倒性的承诺，但深度学习系统容易受到制作的对抗性例子的影响，这可能是人眼无法察觉的，但可能会导致模型错误分类。对基于整体技术的对抗性扰动的保护已被证明很容易受到更强大的对手的影响，或者证明缺乏端到端评估。在本文中，我们试图开发一种新的基于整体的解决方案，该解决方案构建具有不同决策边界的防御者模型相对于原始模型。通过（1）通过一种称为拆分和剃须的方法转换输入的分类器的合奏，以及（2）通过一种称为对比度功能的方法限制重要特征，显示出相对于相对于不同的梯度对抗性攻击，这减少了将对抗性示例从原始示例转移到针对同一类的防御者模型的机会。我们使用标准图像分类数据集（即MNIST，CIFAR-10和CIFAR-100）进行了广泛的实验，以实现最新的对抗攻击，以证明基于合奏的防御的鲁棒性。我们还在存在更强大的对手的情况下评估稳健性，该对手同时靶向合奏中的所有模型。已经提供了整体假阳性和误报的结果，以估计提出的方法的总体性能。

在解决复杂的现实世界任务方面的最新深度学习（DL）进步导致其在实际应用中广泛采用。但是，这个机会具有重大的潜在风险，因为这些模型中的许多模型都依赖于对各种应用程序进行培训的隐私敏感数据，这使它们成为侵犯隐私的过度暴露威胁表面。此外，基于云的机器学习-AS-A-Service（MLAAS）在其强大的基础架构支持方面的广泛使用扩大了威胁表面，以包括各种远程侧渠道攻击。在本文中，我们首先在DL实现中识别并报告了一个新颖的数据依赖性计时侧通道泄漏（称为类泄漏），该实现源自广泛使用的DL Framework Pytorch中的非恒定时间分支操作。我们进一步展示了一个实用的推理时间攻击，其中具有用户特权和硬标签黑盒访问MLAA的对手可以利用类泄漏来损害MLAAS用户的隐私。 DL模型容易受到会员推理攻击（MIA）的攻击，其中对手的目标是推断在训练模型时是否使用过任何特定数据。在本文中，作为一个单独的案例研究，我们证明了具有差异隐私保护的DL模型（对MIA的流行对策）仍然容易受到MIA的影响，而不是针对对手开发的漏洞泄漏。我们通过进行恒定的分支操作来减轻班级泄漏并有助于减轻MIA，从而开发出易于实施的对策。我们选择了两个标准基准图像分类数据集CIFAR-10和CIFAR-100来训练五个最先进的预训练的DL模型，这是在具有Intel Xeon和Intel Xeon和Intel I7处理器的两个不同的计算环境中，以验证我们的方法。

由于对抗性攻击的存在，深度学习分类器的安全性是一个关键的研究领域。这种攻击通常依赖于可转移性的原则，其中在代理分类器上制作的对手示例倾向于误导目标分类器，即使两个分类器都有相当不同的架构，也要误导目标分类器。抗逆性攻击的集合方法表明，对抗性示例的可能性不太可能在具有不同决策边界的集合中误导多个分类器。然而，最近的集合方法已被证明是易受强烈的对手或表现出缺乏结束到最终评估的影响。本文试图开发一种新的集合方法，该方法在训练过程中使用成对对手稳健的损失（PARL）功能来构造多种不同分类器。 PARL在同时在集合中的每个分类器中输入每个层的梯度。与之前的集合方法相比，建议的培训程序使PARL能够实现对黑盒转移攻击的更高稳健性，而不会对清洁实例的准确性产生不利影响。我们还评估了白盒攻击存在下的稳健性，其中使用目标分类器的参数制作了对抗示例。我们使用标准图像分类数据集在使用标准Reset20分类器培训的标准图像分类数据集目前，使用标准Reset20分类器，以展示所提出的集合方法的稳健性。

Handwritten character recognition is a hot topic for research nowadays. If we can convert a handwritten piece of paper into a text-searchable document using the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technique, we can easily understand the content and do not need to read the handwritten document. OCR in the English language is very common, but in the Bengali language, it is very hard to find a good quality OCR application. If we can merge machine learning and deep learning with OCR, it could be a huge contribution to this field. Various researchers have proposed a number of strategies for recognizing Bengali handwritten characters. A lot of ML algorithms and deep neural networks were used in their work, but the explanations of their models are not available. In our work, we have used various machine learning algorithms and CNN to recognize handwritten Bengali digits. We have got acceptable accuracy from some ML models, and CNN has given us great testing accuracy. Grad-CAM was used as an XAI method on our CNN model, which gave us insights into the model and helped us detect the origin of interest for recognizing a digit from an image.

Generative models have been very successful over the years and have received significant attention for synthetic data generation. As deep learning models are getting more and more complex, they require large amounts of data to perform accurately. In medical image analysis, such generative models play a crucial role as the available data is limited due to challenges related to data privacy, lack of data diversity, or uneven data distributions. In this paper, we present a method to generate brain tumor MRI images using generative adversarial networks. We have utilized StyleGAN2 with ADA methodology to generate high-quality brain MRI with tumors while using a significantly smaller amount of training data when compared to the existing approaches. We use three pre-trained models for transfer learning. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can learn the distributions of brain tumors. Furthermore, the model can generate high-quality synthetic brain MRI with a tumor that can limit the small sample size issues. The approach can addresses the limited data availability by generating realistic-looking brain MRI with tumors. The code is available at: ~\url{https://github.com/rizwanqureshi123/Brain-Tumor-Synthetic-Data}.

Most cross-device federated learning (FL) studies focus on the model-homogeneous setting where the global server model and local client models are identical. However, such constraint not only excludes low-end clients who would otherwise make unique contributions to model training but also restrains clients from training large models due to on-device resource bottlenecks. In this work, we propose FedRolex, a partial training (PT)-based approach that enables model-heterogeneous FL and can train a global server model larger than the largest client model. At its core, FedRolex employs a rolling sub-model extraction scheme that allows different parts of the global server model to be evenly trained, which mitigates the client drift induced by the inconsistency between individual client models and server model architectures. We show that FedRolex outperforms state-of-the-art PT-based model-heterogeneous FL methods (e.g. Federated Dropout) and reduces the gap between model-heterogeneous and model-homogeneous FL, especially under the large-model large-dataset regime. In addition, we provide theoretical statistical analysis on its advantage over Federated Dropout and evaluate FedRolex on an emulated real-world device distribution to show that FedRolex can enhance the inclusiveness of FL and boost the performance of low-end devices that would otherwise not benefit from FL. Our code is available at https://github.com/MSU-MLSys-Lab/FedRolex.

Unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) popularity is on the rise as it enables the services like traffic monitoring, emergency communications, deliveries, and surveillance. However, the unauthorized usage of UAVs (a.k.a drone) may violate security and privacy protocols for security-sensitive national and international institutions. The presented challenges require fast, efficient, and precise detection of UAVs irrespective of harsh weather conditions, the presence of different objects, and their size to enable SafeSpace. Recently, there has been significant progress in using the latest deep learning models, but those models have shortcomings in terms of computational complexity, precision, and non-scalability. To overcome these limitations, we propose a precise and efficient multiscale and multifeature UAV detection network for SafeSpace, i.e., \textit{MultiFeatureNet} (\textit{MFNet}), an improved version of the popular object detection algorithm YOLOv5s. In \textit{MFNet}, we perform multiple changes in the backbone and neck of the YOLOv5s network to focus on the various small and ignored features required for accurate and fast UAV detection. To further improve the accuracy and focus on the specific situation and multiscale UAVs, we classify the \textit{MFNet} into small (S), medium (M), and large (L): these are the combinations of various size filters in the convolution and the bottleneckCSP layers, reside in the backbone and neck of the architecture. This classification helps to overcome the computational cost by training the model on a specific feature map rather than all the features. The dataset and code are available as an open source: github.com/ZeeshanKaleem/MultiFeatureNet.

This paper introduces and presents a new language named MAIL (Malware Analysis Intermediate Language). MAIL is basically used for building malware analysis and detection tools. MAIL provides an abstract representation of an assembly program and hence the ability of a tool to automate malware analysis and detection. By translating binaries compiled for different platforms to MAIL, a tool can achieve platform independence. Each MAIL statement is annotated with patterns that can be used by a tool to optimize malware analysis and detection.

作为世界上口语最广泛的语言之一，孟加拉国的使用在社交媒体世界中也在增加。讽刺是一种积极的陈述或言论，其基本的负面动机在当今的社交媒体平台中广泛使用。在过去的许多年中，英语的讽刺检测有了显着改善，但是有关孟加拉讽刺检测的情况仍然没有改变。结果，仍然很难识别孟加拉国中的讽刺，缺乏高质量的数据是主要因素。本文提出了Banglasarc，该数据集是专门为孟加拉文本数据讽刺检测的数据集。该数据集包含5112条评论/状态和从各种在线社交平台（例如Facebook，YouTube）以及一些在线博客中收集的内容。由于孟加拉语中分类评论的数据收集数量有限，因此该数据集将有助于确定讽刺的研究，认识到人们的情绪，检测到各种类型的孟加拉语表达式和其他领域。该数据集可在https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/sakibapon/banglasarc上公开获得。

小型模块化反应堆的概念改变了解决未来能源危机的前景。考虑到其较低的投资要求，模块化，设计简单性和增强的安全功能，这种新的反应堆技术非常有希望。人工智能驱动的多尺度建模（中子，热液压，燃料性能等）在小型模块化反应堆的研究中纳入了数字双胞胎和相关的不确定性。在这项工作中，进行了一项关于耐亡燃料的多尺度建模的全面研究。探索了这些燃料在轻水的小型模块化反应堆中的应用。本章还重点介绍了机器学习和人工智能在设计优化，控制和监视小型模块反应器中的应用。最后，简要评估了有关人工智能在高燃烧复合事故耐受燃料的发展中的研究差距。还讨论了实现这些差距的必要行动。